The following items should be checked weekly by the owner. (This only takes a few moments.)	Description on page
Engine oil level	51
Brake fluid	62
Radiator coolant level	64
Tire pressures (all five tires)	72 , 93
Operation of all lights	-
Horns	-
Windshield wipers	-
Level of windshield fluid	-
The following should also be carried out regular intervals.	Description on page
Washing	76
Polishing	77
Cleaning	77
Rust protection	77

Engine B230F
1 Data plate
2 Oil filler cap, engine
3 Oil dipstick, engine
4 Brake fluid reservoir
5 Washer fluid reservoir
6 Expansion tank, coolant
7 Oil reservoir, power steering
8 Battery
9 Fuse engine control

pg. 49 Notes

pg. 50 Fuel requirements

Unleaded Fuel
Each Volvo has a catalytic converter and must use only unleaded gasoline (as specified on the instrument panel and by a label near the filler inlet). U.S. and Canadian regulations require that pumps delivering unleaded gasoline be labeled "UNLEADED". Only these pumps have nozzles which fit your car's filler inlet. It is unlawful to dispense leaded fuel into a vehicle labeled "unleaded gasoline only".
Leaded gasoline damages the catalytic converter and the oxygen sensor system. Repeated use of leaded gasoline will lessen the effectiveness of the emission control system and could result in loss of emission warranty coverage. State and local vehicle inspection programs will make detection of misfueling easier, possibly resulting in emission test failure for misfueled vehicles.

Octane Rating
Volvo engines require unleaded gasoline with an (R+M)/2 octane rating (also called the Anti Knock Index, or AKI) of 87 or higher. This is generally equivalent to a Research Octane Number (RON) of 91 or higher.

Gasoline Containing Alcohol
Some fuel suppliers sell gasoline containing alcohol without advertising the presence of alcohol. If you are not sure whether there is alcohol in the gasoline you buy, check with the service station operator.
Blends of unleaded gasoline and ethanol (ethyl alcohol, grain alcohol), sometimes called "gasohol", are available in some areas. Gasohol, if used, must contain no more than 10 percent ethanol and must have an (R+M)/2 rating of 87 or higher. If you experience problems with starting, driveability, or fuel economy with gasohol, you should discontinue its use.
Take care not to spill gasoline during refueling. Gasolines containing alcohol can cause damage to painted surfaces, which may not be covered under the New Vehicle Limited Warranty.
Do not use gasolines containing methanol (methyl alcohol, wood alcohol). This practice can result in vehicle performance deterioration and can damage critical parts in the fuel system. Such damage may not be covered under the New Vehicle Warranty.

Fuel Tank
The fuel tank is designed to hold approx. 15.8 US gal. (60 liters), with sufficient volume left over to accommodate possible expansion of the fuel in hot weather.
Be aware that the "usable" tank capacity will be somewhat less than the 15.8-US gal. (60-liter) maximum. When the fuel level is low, such factors as ambient temperature, the fuel's "vapor pressure" characteristics, and terrain can affect the fuel pumps' ability to supply the engine with an adequate supply of fuel. Therefore, it is advisable to refuel as soon as possible when the needle nears the red zone. After the needle enters the red zone, you should be able to drive approx. 25 miles (40 km) depending on driving style and conditions.

pg. 51 Engine fluids

Checking oil level
The oil level should be checked each time the fuel tank is refilled. Be sure the oil level is maintained between the upper and lower marks on the dipstick. Low oil level can cause internal damage to the engine and overfilling can result in high oil consumption. The distance between the dipstick marks represents approx. 1 quart (1 liter) of oil.

Changing oil filter
Replace the oil filter at every oil change. If the oil filter is changed separately 1/2 US qt = .5 liters of oil should be added.

To add oil or change oil
Add oil of the same kind as already used. See engine oil section.

Coolant
Maintain fluid level between MAX and MIN marks on expansion tank.
Mixture of 50 percent Volvo anti-freeze type C (blue-green) or corresponding and 50 percent water should be used. See "Coolant" section.

Brake fluid
Check that the level is above the MIN mark, without removing the cap.
Brake fluid DOT 4. See "Brake fluid" section.

Battery
Check level in conjunction with normal service or once a year.
Electrolyte level 1/4 - 3/8 (5-10 mm) above plates. Use distilled water. Never add acid.

WARNING! Battery gases are explosives if brought in contact with open flame or sparks. (See Warning on page 65).

Washer fluid
Washer fluid reservoir.
Water and solvent (wintertime use windshield washer anti-freeze). See "Washer fluid reservoir" section.

pg. 52 Engine Oil, 5,000-mile (8,000-km) Oil/oil filter change interval

Oil quality
Meeting API specification SF (CCMC class G3)
*Oils with designations SF/CC and SF/CD comply with these requirements

Viscosity (stable ambient temperatures):

Volvo recommends the use of energy-conserving oils. When using these oils, the Volvo recommended oil-change intervals must be followed. Synthetic or semisynthetic oils may be used if their specifications comply with the oil quality requirements.
Volvo does not recommend oil additives, as they can adversely affect the engine.

Changing oil and oil filter
Oil and oil filter are first changed at the 600-1,200 mile (1,000-2,000 km) service. Thereafter, changes should be made as specified by this table:

Capacity
Including oil filter: 4.0 US qts - 3.85 litres
Excluding oil filter: 3.5 US qts - 3.35 litres

Check oil level when filling fuel.
SAE 15W/40 is recommended for use in driving conditions that raise oil temperature and increase oil consumption (i.e., mountain driving; trailer towing).

Note: SAE 15W/40 must not be used at low ambient temperatures; see viscosity chart.

Volvo recommends the use of oils with the American Petroleum Institute (API) label. This label certifies that the oil conforms to the applicable standards and specifications of the API.

If driving conditions include:	Then the correct oil/oil filter change interval is:
Extended periods of idling and/ or low-speed operation Frequent short trips (less than 7 miles = 11 km) Extended periods of driving in dusty and/or sandy areas Trailer towing Driving mountainous areas	EVERY 5,000 miles = 8,000 km or EVERY 3 MONTHS WHICHEVER COMES FIRST
Primarily highway driving Frequent trips of longer than 7 miles = 11 km	5,000 miles = 8,000 km or EVERY 6 MONTHS WHICHEVER COMES FIRST

pg. 53 Cooling system

Changing coolant
Every two years or 30,000 miles (48,000 km) the cooling system should be drained, flushed and refilled. Remove the expansion tank cap.
Open the drain cock on right side of the engine block and disconnect the lower radiator hose.
Fill coolant through the expansion tank.
The heater controls should be fully open when draining and filling.
Add coolant until the level is up to the MAX mark or slightly above.

Start engine and run until hot. Check the cooling system connections for tightness. Also re-check the coolant level. Capacity: 9.9 US qts. = 9.4 liters (manual transmission models); 9.7 US qts = 9.2 liters (automatic transmission models)

Cooling system, hoses and connections
Check all cooling system hoses and connections for defects or deterioration of hoses and loose clamps or fittings.

Drive belts
The belt tension can be checked by depressing the fan belt at a point midway between the alternator and fan pulleys as illustrated. It should be possible to press down the belt about 1/4" - 3/8" (5-10 mm). This also applies to other drive belts on the engine.
If drive belts are replaced, recheck belt tension after driving 600-1,200 miles (1,000-2,000 km).

pg. 54 Service requirements

Engine Mechanical Components

Torque manifold nuts
The manifold nuts should be torqued at the 600-1,200 mile (1,000-2,000 km) inspection. A loose manifold could alter air/fuel ratio and cause an increase in emission and/or poor driveability.

Valves
The valve clearance should be checked every 30,000 miles (50,000 km).

Vacuum fittings, hoses and connections
Unstable idle, misfiring or poor emission control is often caused by leaking vacuum hoses or connections. Check hoses and connections on distributor vacuum unit, EGR valve (where applicable) and connections on heater control servo systems and hydraulic brake servo.

Timing belt
The timing belt tensioner should be adjusted at the 600-1,200 mile (1,000-2,000 km) inspection.

pg. 55 Servicing

Engine Fuel System

LH-Jetronic System
B230F engine
The LH-Jetronic fuel injection system is all-electronic and is microprocessor controlled. It can continually compensate for variations in engine load, speed and temperature to give the best economy and power. The most unique feature of the system is the air mass meter which measures the mass of the inducted air instead of the volume. In this way the system can make instantaneous adjustments for changes in air temperature or density, thus always assuring the best economy with the lowest possible emissions.

pg. 56 Servicing

Special instructions for work on the fuel injection system
Extreme cleanliness is essential when working on the injection system. Great care must be observed.
Injection system service should be handled by qualified technicians, using equipment intended for this service.

Fuel (line) filter
We recommend that this filter be changed every 60,000 miles (96,000 km). The filter is replaced as one complete unit.
Replace more frequently if contaminated fuel was introduced into the tank.

Fuel system cap, tank, lines and connections
The ability of the fuel system to control hydrocarbon emissions is dependent largely on a leak-free system. Check for proper sealing of gasoline filler cap which contains "O''-ring type seals. Check all evaporative hoses in vehicle for tightness. Check fuel lines under vehicle. Repair if necessary.

Air cleaner
Replace the air cleaner cartridge every 30,000 miles (48,000 km). The cartridge should be replaced more often when driving under dirty and/or dusty conditions.
The filter cannot be cleaned and should always be replaced with a new one.

Checking and adjusting idle speed
Your Volvo is equipped with an electronically controlled idle speed system that requires no period checking or adjustment.

Lambda-sond® (oxygen sensor) system
This is an emission control system designed to reduce emissions and improve fuel economy. An oxygen sensor monitors the composition of the exhaust gases leaving the engine. The exhaust gas analysis is fed into an electronic unit which continuously influences the amount of fuel injected. This adjusts the air-fuel ratio to provide optimum conditions for combustion and efficient reduction of the three major pollutants (hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides) through a 3-way catalytic converter.

pg. 57 Servicing

Oxygen Sensor
On the B230F engines, the oxygen sensor (Lambda-sond®) is electrically heated. The use of a PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient) element to heat the Lambda-sond ensures a shorter warm up time and continuous operation at its working temperature.
This type of Lambda-sond® does not require periodic replacement.

Catalytic Converter
This is a supplementary device in the exhaust system, designed to reduce exhaust emissions. This device is mainly a container with a ceramic material insert, designed to let the exhaust gases pass through channels in the insert. The channel walls are covered by a thin layer of platinum and rhodium. These metals act as catalysts, permitting a chemical action to occur without actually taking part in it.
The carbon monoxide content will increase if the Catalytic Converter is damaged.

Torque catalytic converter mounting bolts
The Catalytic Converter mounting bolts should be re-torqued at the 600-1,200 mile (1000-2000) km inspection.

pg. 58 Servicing

Engine Crankcase Ventilation System

Crankcase ventilation
The engine is provided with positive crankcase ventilation (PCV) which prevents crankcase gases from being released into the atmosphere.
Instead, the crankcase gases are admitted to the intake manifold and cylinders.

PCV system, B230F engine
The PCV nipple in the intake manifold should be cleaned every 60,000 miles (96,000 km). It is recommended that the flame guard be cleaned every 20,000 miles (32,000 km)

pg. 59 Servicing

Engine Evaporative Emissions

Evaporative control systems
Vehicles intended for the North American market are equipped with a fuel vapor evaporative control system, which prevents gasoline fumes from being released into the atmosphere.
The system is comprised of an expansion chamber in the fuel tank, a roll-over valve on the cross member in front of the fuel tank, and a charcoal canister with built-in vacuum valve under the left front wheel housing. The components are interconnected by hoses which channel fuel vapor from the gas tank to the charcoal filter where they are stored until the engine is started and then drawn into the engine fuel induction system.

Engine Ignition

Change spark plugs
The spark plugs should be changed every 30,000 miles (48,000 km).
However, prolonged city driving or fast highway driving may necessitate changing spark plugs after 10,000 miles (16,000 km) of driving. When installing new plugs, be sure to fit the right type and use the correct torque, see "Specifications". When changing the spark plugs, check that the suppressor connectors are in good condition. Cracked or damaged connectors should be replaced.
When changing spark plugs, clean the cables and cable terminals, also the rubber seals. If the car is driven on roads where salt is used during the winter, coat the cables with silicone.

WARNING! The ignition system operates at very high voltages. Special safety precautions must be followed to prevent injury: Always turn the ignition off when: connecting engine test and diagnostic equipment to the vehicle (timing light, tach-dwell tester, ignition oscilloscope, etc.). Replacing ignition components e.g. plugs coil, distributor, high-tension leads etc.